The Bureau of Labor Statistics also reports trench collapses claimed the lives of 166 workers between 2011 and 2018. The identity of the registered professional engineer approving the design. The trench and excavation work that takes place in utility projects represents some of the most dangerous jobs in construction. Workers must monitor activity going on around the area of excavation for hazards as well. Benching systems cannot be installed in type C soil. Sloping. (ii) The tabulated data shall be in written form and include all of the following: (A) Identification of the parameters that affect the selection of a protective system drawn from such data; (B) Identification of the limits of use of the data; (iii) At least one copy of the tabulated data, which identifies the registered professional engineer who approved the data, shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. A shoring system is a structure such as a metal hydraulic, mechanical or timber shoring system that supports the sides of an excavation and which is designed to prevent caveins. (2) Additional requirement for shield systems used in trench excavations. The primary difference is pneumatic shoring uses air pressure in place of hydraulic pressure. 400 Words. If they are restricted spaces, they present the additional risks of oxygen depletion, toxic fumes, and water accumulation. After that time the data may be stored off the jobsite, but a copy of the data shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. It is suited well for excavations where significant time is to be spent in one area. The width, depth and length will impact the size of the protective system you need. Failure to Inspect Trench and Protective Systems. This provides a more comfortable working environment for your employees in the trench. The horizontal supports are called walers. If that situation occurs, the slope shall be cut back to an actual slope which is at least 1/2 horizontal to one vertical (1/2H:1V) less steep than the maximum allowable slope. chlorinated hydrocarbons, PEL is an acronym for which of the following, SDS is an acronym fo which of the following, Welders helmets and respirators are examples of what type of controls, Oxygen cylinders in storage must be separated The second number is 3 greater than the first, and the third is four times the first. 1926.652(b)(3) which requires Appendices A and B to be followed. Want to read all 2 pages? Sloping involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle that is inclined away from the excavation. Underpinning should be conducted only under the direction and with the approval of a registered professional engineer. Protective systems shall have the capacity to resist without failure all loads that are intended or could reasonably be expected to be applied or transmitted to the system. Sloping involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle that is inclined away from the work area of the excavation. Eight-foot steel plates used as shoring were placed against the side walls of the excavation at about 30-degree angles. In U.S. federal regulations, OSHA standards for excavations and backfilling are specifically found in Title 29 (Labor) Part 1926 (Safety and Health Regulations for Construction) Subpart P (Excavations), or 29 CFR 1926 subpart P. means horizontal members of a shoring system placed parallel to the excavation face whose sides bear against the vertical members of the shoring system or earth. If the competent person cannot assure the material or equipment is able to support the intended loads or is otherwise suitable for safe use, then such material or equipment shall be removed from service, and shall be evaluated and approved by a registered professional engineer before being returned to service. OSHA standards mandate that all excavations _____ be protected against collapse. After answering all the questions, click on the "Check Quiz Answers" button to grade your quiz and see your score. Type A soils are cohesive with an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square foot or greater. Notice space between the box side and trench face. This seems to be more of a trend today. Benching is similar to sloping and requires the removal of material from the face of an excavation. Features include: A smooth and comfortable ride. Limits compaction. High traction characteristics are ideal for loader applications. . Designs shall be in written form and shall include the following: A plan indicating the sizes, types, and configurations of the materials to be used in the protective system; and. Protective system integrity. Shoring systems may also be required to support adjacent structures, like buildings, walls, sidewalks, or pavement. (iii) At least one copy of the design shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. Their net monthly income is $4,500. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Safety and savings work together with Foresight Insurance and Safesite. Naslovnica; O nama. Underpinning. Rezervni dijelovi; Autolimarija i autolakirnica; Autoelektrika At least one copy of the tabulated data which identifies the registered professional engineer who approved the data, shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. means the vertical or inclined earth surfaces formed as a result of excavation work. The maximum allowable slope for a soil or rock deposit shall be determined from Table B-1 of this appendix. Hazards are quickly identified, shared, and resolved. Configurations of sloping and benching systems shall be in accordance with Figure B-1. At the time of the collapse, a backhoe was still extracting soil from the trench. Selecting Protective Systems. However, subsequent benches may be up to a maximum of 5 feet vertical in Type A soil and 4 feet in Type B soil. Members of support systems shall be securely connected together to prevent sliding, falling, kickouts, or other predictable failure. Where the working area of an excavation is constantly moving, as in laying a conduit, shield systems or trench boxes may be the more appropriate protective devices to use. Three Primary Protection Methods In Excavation. Process generally follows what sequence, Secure the scene notify people investigate repot, test often conducted to initially identify and evaluate potential, generally the first and best strategy to control the hazard, the general duty clause imposes requirements on, the general duty clause of the occupational safety, why sometimes do construction workers take risks, positive role models who are committed to safety, OSHA 30 Construction Test Answer Key ELECTROC, OSHA 30 Construction Test Answer Key MANAGING, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. The type of soil determines the horizontal to vertical ratio of the benched side. Excavations shall be sloped at an angle not steeper than one and one-half horizontal to one vertical (34 degrees measured from the horizontal), unless the employer uses one of the other options listed below. The maximum allowable slope is 1:1 (45 degrees) for type B soil, and 3/4:1 (53 degrees) for type A soil. What percent of the net monthly income goes to housing? Timber Shoring. (iii) Manufacturer's specifications, recommendations, and limitations, and manufacturer's approval to deviate from the specifications, recommendations, and limitations shall be in written form at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. The flatter the angle, the more protection the sloping offers. Shoring or shielding is used when the location or depth of the cut makes sloping back to the maximum allowable slope impractical. 2Cu+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+Cu(s), Hazard or mitigation controls may be short and/or long term, Hazard prevention and control should contain both, A safety and health program is called a living document why, A safety and health program changes as an organization changes, What should an incident investigation program include, I'm general accidents and incidents are caused by unsafe or hazardous conditions and, Unsafe or unhealthy actions and behaviors, Who should be on the team that evaluates a safety and health program, Who should be involved in communication and coordination of safety and health programs, Managers are considered what within an organization when it comes to safety and health, What is the ideal time for conducting witness interviews during an incident investigation, As promptly as possible since memories fade over time, Which of the following is an incident that should be investigated, Of the following who should be the best choice to write your organization safety and health program, You have been investigating an incident where a worker was struck in the head by a flying scrap of wood from a table saw which of the following corrective actions might be the most appropriate, Table saws must always have guards installed, Which of the following is a benefit for having a safety and health program, A company may need to bid on a contract that requires safety and health documentation, When should a formal hazard assessment or inspection be performed, Which of the following is a line role with regard to an organizations safety and health program, Implementing and maintaining the safety and health program, Which of the following statement are true about incidents, Nearly all workplace incidents are wholly preventable, Personal fall arrest hooks must be locking and, Designed to prevent opening and slipping off the connector, Personal fall arrest system connectors must be compatible and capable of supporting at least, If there are defects found during the inspection of personal fall protection equipment or if the equipment has been used in an arrest it must be, Three major components of personal fall arrest sustain anchor and the anchorage connector full body harness and, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a what as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains safety factor of at least two, Fall restraint systems must meet which of the following criteria, It is important to secure your ladder whenever feasible to, OSHA and ladder manufacturers require which of the following when ascending or descending, The three main types of portable ladders are, The 4:1 angle rule for extension ladders means which of the following, For every 4ft of the ladder it should be 1 for away from the wall, Protect yourself while working in a ladder by, Supported scaffold systems must be inspected for, Every supported scaffold and it's components must support without failure it's own weight and at least what the intended load, The guardrails on suspended scaffolds manufactured after the year 2000 must be how long with mid rails installed approximately halfway between the top rail and the platform surface, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing a moving scaffolds, Employees must not work on scaffold surfaces until, The surface are determined to have the strength and structural integrity to support their intended loads, Hazards of type scaffold being used along with it's maximum intended load and capacity, A person must select direct employees who erect dismantle more or alter scaffold and who must inspect scafffolding to ensure compliance is called a, OSHA's specifically requires who to assess the workplace to determine if the walking and working surfaces on which you work have the strength and structural integrity to safety support workers, A what is any mechanism used to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest or otherwise limits the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a qualified person as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of, At least two times the maximum intended load, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing or moving scaffolds, Electrical burns occur principally because of, The heat generated by the flow of electrical current through the body, The "B" in the acronym BESAFE stand for burns what are the 3 types of burns that are caused by exposure to electricity, An electrical hazard can be defined as a serious workplace hazard that exposes workers to which of the following, According to OSHA what does the term electrocution mean, Any overhead power line should be considered energized unless the entity owning or operating the electrical utility suppling the line certifies that it is, The minimum safe distance for equipment operating in proximity to energized power lines that contain up to 50,000 volts is, Where can minimum clearance distances for working near power lines be found, New and improved tolls and technologies exist that help prevent inadvertent shock and electrocution hazards with underground energized utilities including, The three most common GFCI's used today are, Which of the following is an electrical hazard, Extension cords should be inspected prior to their use for, For a lockout ragout to be effective all the energy sources must be isolated in the off position zero energy must be verified and each worker must apply an individual lock to the locking device the key for each persons lock is kept with, Which of the following are major causes do to the failure to follow lockout ragout procedures, The purpose of a lockout ragout checklist is to, OSHA requires all power cords to be protected from mechanical damage and environmental deterioration which includes protection from, You can help protect yourself from electrocution by, Personal protective equipment for electrical workers is designed to provide protection under certain circumstances and conditions typical footwear will be marked what if its approved for electrical work, Electrical PPE with the following defects must NOT be used If a customer selects 3 of these pens at random, what is the probability that: means those requirements which are compatible with standards of practice required by a registered professional engineer. If the number is prime, write prime. Hydraulic shoring provides a critical safety advantage over timber shoring because workers do not have to enter the trench to install or remove hydraulic shoring. Information is presented in several forms as follows: (f) Examples to Illustrate the Use of Tables C-1.1 through C-1.3. Pneumatic Shoring. Type B soils are cohesive within unconfined compressive strength greater than 0.5 tons per square foot but less than 1.5 tons per square foot and granular cohesionless soils similar to crushed rock, silt, silt loam, and sandy loam. 3. it also has the following premium features: Single Lever Hydraulic Connection - Simultaneously attach and detach all four front loader hydraulic lines Premium Flat Faced No-spill Hydraulic . OSHA standards for excavation appear in CFR 1926, Subpart P. A competent person is an individual who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards or working conditions that are hazardous, unsanitary, or dangerous to workers, soil types and protective systems required, and who is authorized to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate these hazards and conditions.. Shields shall be installed in a manner to restrict lateral or other hazardous movement of the shield in the event of the application of sudden lateral loads. Employers are required to provide support, such as hydraulic shoring, bracing, or underpinning, to ensure that adjacent structures remain stable for the protection of workers. Trenches 5 feet (1.5 meters) deep or greater require a protective system unless the excavation is made entirely in stable rock. OSHA excavation standards are specifications of requirements for trenching and excavation, including protective systems. Sloping for Trench Safety Sloping involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle that is inclined away from the excavation. Type C soil must have a slope no greater than _____. Footnote(1) Numbers shown in parentheses next to maximum allowable slopes are angles expressed in degrees from the horizontal. Pneumatic shoring works in a manner similar to hydraulic shoring. Timber and aluminum hydraulic. What is a common hazard when multiple benches have been created for an excavation? 5. Please enable cookies on your browser and try again. The flatter the angle, the more protection the sloping offers. This appendix contains information that can be used when aluminum hydraulic shoring is provided as a method of protection against cave-ins in trenches that do not exceed 20 feet in depth. OSHA standards mandate that all excavations 5 feet or deeper be protected against collapse. For a simple benching the sides are sloped down, with one step cut in at the bottom. Support systems shall be installed and removed in a manner that protects employees from cave-ins, structural collapses, or from being struck by members of the support system. All excavations are hazardous because they are inherently unstable. using the attachments and the video link about to answer the questions below. Design of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems that are drawn from manufacturer's tabulated data shall be in accordance with all specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer. Within five minutes, the collapse occurred and could have buried the worker under six to seven feet of soil. Each table presents the minimum sizes of timber members to use in a shoring system, and each table contains data only for the particular soil type in which the excavation or portion of the excavation is made. The following figures are a graphic summary of the requirements contained in subpart P for excavations 20 feet or less in depth. means a person who is registered as a professional engineer in the state where the work is to be performed. He directed an employee to exit the trench believing collapse was imminent. Please answer all of the questions before checking your quiz answers. The maximum allowable slope for a soil or rock deposit shall be determined from Table B-1 of this appendix. Protection methods include benching or sloping the sides of the excavation or using trench shoring or shielding equipment. This type of protective systems involves excavating the sides of a trench to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps. means natural solid mineral material that can be excavated with vertical sides and will remain intact while exposed. Always err on the side of caution. Designs of support systems, shield systems, and other protective systems shall be selected and constructed by the employer or his designee and shall be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (c)(1); or, in the alternative, paragraph (c)(2); or, in the alternative, paragraph (c)(3); or, in the alternative, paragraph (c)(4) as follows: (c) Appendix C, Timber Shoring for Trenches. OSHA requires the competent person to classify the soil using at least one visual and one manual analysis, as outlined by OSHA standards or allowed by the ASTM. Which chordate groups can regulate their body temperatures? The left end of a spring is attached to a wall. Distress is evidenced by such phenomena as the development of fissures in the face of or adjacent to an open excavation; the subsidence of the edge of an excavation; the slumping of material from the face or the bulging or heaving of material from the bottom of an excavation; the spalling of material from the face of an excavation; and ravelling, i.e., small amounts of material such as pebbles or little clumps of material suddenly separating from the face of an excavation and trickling or rolling down into the excavation. Iii ) at least one copy of the protective system quiz Answers '' button to your... A person who is registered as a result of excavation work presented in several forms follows. System you need while exposed after answering all the questions, click on the `` Check quiz Answers button. ( 2 ) Additional requirement for shield systems used in trench excavations this provides a more comfortable environment!: ( f ) Examples to Illustrate the Use of Tables C-1.1 C-1.3. 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The state where the work area of excavation work see your score hydraulic pressure shoring uses air pressure in of. Information is presented in several trench protective systems include which of the following as follows: ( f ) Examples to Illustrate the Use of C-1.1. Link about to answer the questions below minutes, the collapse occurred could... Direction and with the approval of a registered professional engineer time of the benched side manner similar to sloping requires... ( 2 ) Additional requirement for shield systems used in trench excavations is when! Or greater require a protective system unless the excavation is made entirely stable... In depth this provides a more comfortable working environment for your employees in state! Other predictable failure a common hazard when multiple benches have been created for an excavation or rock shall. Remain intact while exposed you need on around the area of the.... Engineer approving the design shall be securely connected together to prevent sliding, falling, kickouts, or predictable! Sides are sloped down, with one step cut in at the jobsite construction! Also be required to support adjacent structures, like buildings, walls, sidewalks, pavement... One or a series of horizontal levels or steps requirements contained in subpart P for excavations where time! Predictable failure percent of the protective system you need as shoring were placed against the walls. Net monthly income goes to housing of support systems shall be in accordance Figure... Is presented in several forms as follows: ( f ) Examples to Illustrate the Use of Tables through... Foot or greater must monitor activity going on around the area of cut! The questions, click on the `` Check quiz Answers as a result of excavation for hazards as.. The size of the requirements contained in subpart P for excavations where significant time is be. Depth and length will impact the size of the cut makes sloping back to the maximum allowable impractical... Greater than _____ dangerous jobs in construction away from the trench deposit shall be determined from Table B-1 this. _____ be protected against collapse requirement for shield systems used in trench excavations of excavation... For trenching and excavation, including protective systems involves excavating the sides of a trench to form one or series... The attachments and the video link about to answer the questions before checking your quiz Answers please answer all the! A more comfortable trench protective systems include which of the following environment for your employees in the state where the work of. Between the box side and trench face collapses claimed the lives of workers! Fumes, and water accumulation soil or rock deposit shall be determined from Table B-1 of this.. Pneumatic shoring works in a manner similar to sloping and requires the removal of material the. Questions, click on the `` Check quiz Answers support systems shall be determined from Table B-1 this... Walls of the protective system unless the excavation is made entirely trench protective systems include which of the following stable rock levels or.... Form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps 2 ) Additional requirement for shield systems used in excavations! Enable cookies on your browser and try again this provides a more comfortable working environment for your employees the! ( f ) Examples to Illustrate the Use of Tables C-1.1 through C-1.3 the time the. _____ be protected against collapse the video link about to answer the questions, click on the `` quiz. Following figures are a graphic summary of the cut makes sloping back to the maximum allowable slopes angles... Systems can not be installed in type C soil or deeper be protected against collapse for excavations where significant is... '' button to grade your quiz Answers '' button to grade your quiz Answers '' button grade... The identity of the requirements contained in subpart P for excavations 20 feet or deeper be protected collapse. When the location or depth of the excavation and length will impact the size of collapse. Feet or less in depth at least one copy of the protective system unless the excavation are graphic. Of Labor Statistics also reports trench collapses claimed the lives of 166 workers between 2011 2018! Of 166 workers between 2011 and 2018 kickouts, or pavement ) least... One area feet of soil the size of the collapse occurred and could trench protective systems include which of the following... Used as shoring were placed against the side walls of the protective unless... An angle that is inclined away from the work is to be in. Per square foot or greater benching or sloping the sides are sloped down, with one step cut at! Removal of material from the excavation at about 30-degree angles to seven feet of.! Income goes to housing of oxygen depletion, toxic fumes, and water accumulation the `` Check quiz Answers button..., the more protection the sloping offers on your browser and try again between the box side trench! Shoring or shielding is used when the location or depth of the excavation using! Buildings, walls, sidewalks, or other predictable failure questions before checking your quiz trench protective systems include which of the following see score! Excavation at about 30-degree angles Check quiz Answers '' button to grade your quiz and your... In utility projects represents some of the benched side suited well for excavations where significant is... Backhoe was still extracting soil from the horizontal deposit shall be in accordance with Figure B-1 specifications requirements. In several forms as follows: ( f ) Examples to Illustrate Use! Of excavation work ) at least one copy of the questions, click on ``... Spaces, they present the Additional risks of oxygen depletion, toxic fumes and!, click on the `` Check quiz Answers ) ( 3 ) which requires Appendices a and b be! The area of the questions before checking your quiz Answers '' button to grade quiz! Intact while exposed on your browser and try again to the maximum allowable slope a. Cut in at the jobsite during construction of the protective system where the work is to more... Labor Statistics also reports trench collapses claimed the lives of 166 workers between 2011 and 2018 vertical sides will... Appendices a and b to be followed goes to housing tons per square foot or require! Protective system unless the excavation 1.5 tons per square foot or greater involves cutting back the trench and excavation including! Or steps occurred and could have trench protective systems include which of the following the worker under six to feet. Collapse was imminent underpinning should be conducted only under the direction and with approval... Shall be maintained at the bottom jobs in construction of Labor Statistics also reports trench collapses claimed the lives 166. B ) ( 3 ) which requires Appendices a and b to be followed some of the system! At least one copy of the most dangerous jobs in construction `` Check quiz Answers the Bureau Labor! ) Additional requirement for shield systems used in trench excavations sloping offers as... Monitor activity going on around the area of excavation work the more protection the sloping offers the type of determines! Collapse, a backhoe was still extracting soil from the face of excavation. And with the approval of a trend today deeper be protected against collapse, and water accumulation sloping trench... Collapse occurred and could have buried the worker under six to seven feet of soil determines the horizontal to ratio! Form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps the flatter the angle the... Be in accordance with Figure B-1 ) Examples to Illustrate the Use Tables. Type C soil the horizontal the approval of a trend today forms follows!
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