The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles They were established as a step toward legal freedoms for African Americans. International outrage over the crime and the verdict helped fuel the civil rights movement: just three months after Emmett Tills body was found, and a month after a Mississippi grand jury refused to indict Milam and Bryant on kidnapping charges, a citywide bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama would begin the movement in earnest. Estimates of the number of participants in the Million Man March ranged from 400,000 to more than 1 million, and its success spurred the organization of a Million Woman March, which took place in 1997 in Philadelphia. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. working to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. As his success and fame grew, Robinson began speaking out publicly for Black equality. The movement swelled to a critical juncture on May 25, 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 epidemic when 46-year-old George Floyd died after being handcuffed and pinned to the ground by police officer Derek Chauvin. Why did miners in the West create groups of vigilantes? He decided against running, but soon became a prominent fixture in the Republican Party. Despite Martin Luther King Jr.s inspiring words at the Lincoln Memorial during the historic March on Washington in August 1963, violence against Black people in the segregated South continued to indicate the strength of white resistance to the ideals of justice and racial harmony King espoused. Rage over the verdict sparked the four days of the L.A. riots, beginning in the mostly Black South Central neighborhood. Davis, claiming that his grades and test scores were higher than those of minority students who were admitted and accusing UC Davis of reverse discrimination. In June 1978, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of strict racial quotas was unconstitutional and that Bakke should be admitted; on the other hand, it held that institutions of higher education could rightfully use race as a criterion in admissions decisions in order to ensure diversity. (waits, wait). On March 21, after a U.S. district court ordered Alabama to permit the Selma-Montgomery march, some 2,000 marchers set out on the three-day journey, this time protected by U.S. Army troops and Alabama National Guard forces under federal control. Samuel Gompers, 1912 After the American Revolution, many colonists (particularly in the North, where slavery was relatively unimportant to the economy) began to link the oppression of enslaved Africans to their own oppression by the British. I am tired of fighting . gave equal voting rights to all abolished slavery *** ended the use of poll tax outlawed school segregation 3. Alabamas governor, George Wallace, was a notorious opponent of desegregation, and the local county sheriff had led a steadfast opposition to Black voter registration drives: Only 2 percent of Selmas eligible Black voters had managed to register. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. In August 1955, a 14-year-old black boy from Chicago named Emmett Till had recently arrived in Money, Mississippi to visit relatives. The 15th Amendment, adopted in 1870, guaranteed that a citizens right to vote would not be deniedon account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. During Reconstruction, Black Americans won election to southern state governments and even to the U.S. Congress. After Allan Bakke, a white California man, applied twice without success, he sued U.C. The Justice Department eventually indicted 19 men for violating the three volunteers civil rights (the only charge that would give the federal government jurisdiction over the case) and after a three-year-long legal battle, the men finally went on trial in Jackson, Mississippi. Children and members of the Black Panthers give the Black Power salute outside of their "liberation school" in San Francisco, California in 1969. Many African American inventors were unable to benefit from their discoveries because of difficulties, Make the camera as convenient as the pencil. Two distinct business policies thus presented themselves. The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles. The southern economy was largely based on agriculture, Predict which of the following policies might have made the Dawes act more successful, Giving Native Americans land that would be useful for farming. The couple was then given a choice: spend 25 years in prison or leave Virginia. Which innovation does the photograph illustrate? 1 Apart from its obvious negative impact on African American individuals, families, and communities, the racial . In a televised ceremony on July 2, 1964, Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act into law using 75 pens; he presented one of them to King, who counted it among his most prized possessions. After an unsuccessful appeal to the League of Nations to settle a colony in Africa and failed negotiations with Liberia, Garvey announced the formation of the Empire of Africa in 1921, with himself as provisional president. The Fair Housing Act of 1968, meant as a follow-up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, marked the last great legislative achievement of the civil rights era. Pay special attention to Judiths characterization of the elderly Sikh couple as lovely people motivated by stubbornness and ignorance (para. On the night of October 16, 1859, he led a small band of less than 50 men in a raid against the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. (She starred in both.) The cotton gin was widely copied, and within a few years the South would transition from a dependence on the cultivation of tobacco to that of cotton. The success of conservative politicians that yearincluding Richard Nixons election as president and the third-party candidacy of the ardent segregationist George Wallace, who won 13 percent of the votefurther discouraged African Americans, many of whom felt that the tide was turning against the civil rights movement. Sun-dried bricks are called justekst\underline{\phantom{\text{justekst}}}justekst. The wars first African American hero emerged from the attack on Pearl Harbor, when Dorie Miller, a young Navy steward on the U.S.S. Like Washington, Carver had little interest in racial politics, and was celebrated by many white Americans as a shining example of a modest, industrious Black man. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. Dozens of other players in the NFL and beyond followed suit. The King case was eventually tried in the suburb of Simi Valley, and in April 1992 a jury found the officers not guilty. Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map? Based on the passage, Eastman sought to make popular photography possible by inventing a camera that was. Heavily covered by the news media, the Greensboro sit-ins sparked a movement that spread quickly to college towns throughout the South and into the North, as young Black and white people engaged in various forms of peaceful protest against segregation in libraries, on beaches, in hotels and other establishments. We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . First established in Chicago, the NAACP had expanded to more than 400 locations by 1921. Other African American leaders, notably W.E.B. 1. Ghost towns were left behind after the mines stopped producing. On May 26, 2020, the day after Floyds death, protestors in Minneapolis took to the streets to protest Floyds killing. About 90 participants in the Montgomery Bus Boycott, including King, were indicted under a law forbidding conspiracy to obstruct the operation of a business. Which idea does this passage express? Aside from celebrated accomplishments like these, overall gains were slow, and maintaining high morale among black forces was difficult due to the continued discrimination they faced. Throughout his long career, Jackson has inspired both admiration and criticism for his tireless efforts on behalf of the Black community and his outspoken public persona. Free at last! Which was a major result of the Homestead Act of 1862? a)It reveals the way the Emancipation Proclamation improved Americans' lives for years, just like the way sun casts light on the dark, A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. Despite the efforts of the ILGWU and other labor groups, most women with factory jobs did not join unions. He was a leading voice for Black Americans during the early 1980s, urging them to be more politically active and heading up a voter registration drive that led to the election of Harold Washington as the first Black mayor of Chicago in 1983. Based on information in the graph, what was one factor in the 1894 Pullman Strike? The date and the story of the enslaved Africans have become symbolic of slaverys roots, despite captive and free Africans likely being present in the Americas in the 1400s and as early as 1526 in the region that would become the United States. The American Federation of Labor differed from the Knights of Labor in that it. Some reservations were divided up and given to individual American Indian families. Mildred and Richard Loving were one of the first interracial couples legally married in the United States and their union marked a pivotal moment in marriage rights for mixed-race families. Milamdragged Till from his great uncles house in the middle of the night. For millions of viewers throughout the country, the unforgettable images provided a vivid contrast between the angry forces of white supremacy and the quiet, dignified resistance of African American students. Specifically, it banned literacy tests as a requirement for voting, mandated federal oversight of voter registration in areas where tests had previously been used and gave the U.S. attorney general the duty of challenging the use of poll taxes for state and local elections. Also in 1793, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act, which made it a federal crime to assist an enslaved person trying to escape. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map? Which of the following contributed most to the trend shown on the chart? Carl Iwasaki/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images. The summer had barely begun, however, when three volunteersMichael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman, both white New Yorkers, and James Chaney, a Black Mississippiandisappeared on their way back from investigating the burning of an African American church by the Ku Klux Klan. What industry's decline would hurt the southern economy the most? Du Bois of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), criticized Garvey and his Back to Africa movement; he was openly contemptuous of them in return. In the years immediately following the Revolutionary War, the rural Souththe region where slavery had taken the strongest hold in North Americafaced an economic crisis. Lesson 6: La Televisin Y Las Peliculas Unit, The First Global Age The First Global Age was, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment, Myers for AP Psychology Unit 13: THERAPIES. The white protective societies that arose during this periodthe largest of which was the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)sought to disenfranchise Black voters by using voter suppression and intimidation as well as more extreme violence. The fate of enslaved people in the United States would divide the nation during the Civil War. African Americans and some willing whites went on Freedom Rides around the Deep South. Whose innovation is evident in this 1881 illustration? In June 1905, a group led by the prominent Black educator W.E.B. C)rushed to join the Union army. As the growth of the cotton industry led inexorably to an increased demand for enslaved Africans, the prospect of slave rebellionsuch as the one that triumphed in Haiti in 1791drove slaveholders to make increased efforts to prevent a similar event from happening in the South. Plessy vs. Ferguson stood as the overriding judicial precedent in civil rights cases until 1954, when it was reversed by the Courts verdict in Brown v. Board of Education. . The First Challenge: The Family Unit. More than 20,000 women and men in the ILGWU walked off their jobs in 1909. Bound for New Orleans, the freedom riders were attacked by angry segregationists outside of Anniston, Alabama, and one bus was even firebombed. A - I don't know In 1926, a controversial bestseller about Harlem life by the white novelist Carl von Vechten exemplified the attitude of many white urban sophisticates, who looked to Black culture as a window into a more primitive and vital way of life. The right should be exercised with caution and self restraint; but it should exist, so that it may be invoked if the need arises. Richard spent the night in prison, and his sister had to pay a $1,000 bond for his release. the defeat of American Indian peoples by United States troops, Some American Indian people on the Great Plains lived in buildings like those shown here because. The fruits of the toil [labor] of millions are boldly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for a few, unprecedented [never having happened or existed before] in the history of mankind; and the possessors of these, in turn, despise the Republic and endanger liberty. Lumberjacks cut down whole forests to supply wood for railroad ties. Why would the loss of farm structures make it especially difficult for the southern economy to recover? The act encouraged American Indians to become farmers. Along with the Civil Rights Act of the previous year, the Voting Rights Act was one of the most expansive pieces of civil rights legislation in American history, and it greatly reduced the disparity between Black and white voters in the U.S. The laws gave African Americans land or farms. The ILGWU was notable because it was. While in a grocery store, he allegedly whistled and made a flirtatious remark to the white woman behind the counter, violating the strict racial codes of the Jim Crow South. Many were recent immigrants. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. In mid-September, white supremacists bombed the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama during Sunday services; four young African American girls were killed in the explosion. After a few weeks, employers met union demands for better pay and shorter hours. After the Civil War, veterans of the Confederate Army made up the majority of the cowhands who worked in Texas. Based on the passage, Eastman sought to make popular photography possible by inventing a camera that was. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the success of the long-running sitcom The Cosby Showfeaturing popular comedian Bill Cosby as the doctor patriarch of a close-knit middle-class African American familyhelped redefine the image of Black characters on mainstream American television. One of the most prominent abolitionists, Frederick Douglass, was cautiously optimistic, however, wisely predicting that"This very attempt to blot out forever the hopes of an enslaved people may be one necessary link in the chain of events preparatory to the complete overthrow of the whole slave system.. The railroads provided jobs for settlers. A federal court struck down this act, and four of the nine students returned, under police protection, after the schools were reopened in 1959. c. White males who, A. How did the transcontinental railroads impact the West? (Though proponents of female suffrage were part of the original NAACP, the issue was not mentioned.). C. The laws provided African Americans with voting rights. B.14th Amendment Don Hogan Charles/New York Times Co./Getty Images. by economic cooperation and joint political action. -George Eastman Based on the text on the banners, which workers' issue most likely prompted this protest demonstration? Here's a look at some of read more, American Revolution During the American Revolution, thousands of Black Americans foughton both sides of the conflict. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? In October 1967, an all-white jury found seven of the defendants guilty and acquitted the other nine. On February 1, 1960, four Black students from the Agricultural and Technical College in Greensboro, North Carolina, sat down at the lunch counter in a local branch of Woolworths and ordered coffee. In 1900, garment workers organized the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). From 1950 to 1980, the total Black population in Americas urban centers increased from 6.1 million to 15.3 million; during this same time period, white Americans steadily moved out of the cities into the suburbs, taking with them many of the employment opportunities Black people needed. Later, SNCC would mount an organized resistance to the Vietnam War. African American history began with slavery, as white European settlers first brought Africans to the continent to serve as enslaved workers. READ MORE: How a New Deal Housing Program Enforced Segregation. We want a minimum wage established, but we want it established by the solidarity [unity] of the working men themselves.We must not, we cannot, depend upon legislative enactments [authorizations] to set wage standards. Among the prominent figures are Madam C.J.
why might recent events have led to many african american working for ranchers